Source for file DB.php
Documentation is available at DB.php
/* vim: set expandtab tabstop=4 shiftwidth=4 foldmethod=marker: */
// +----------------------------------------------------------------------+
// +----------------------------------------------------------------------+
// | Copyright (c) 1997-2004 The PHP Group |
// +----------------------------------------------------------------------+
// | This source file is subject to version 2.02 of the PHP license, |
// | that is bundled with this package in the file LICENSE, and is |
// | available at through the world-wide-web at |
// | http://www.php.net/license/2_02.txt. |
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// | obtain it through the world-wide-web, please send a note to |
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// +----------------------------------------------------------------------+
// | Authors: Stig Bakken <ssb@php.net> |
// | Tomas V.V.Cox <cox@idecnet.com> |
// | Maintainer: Daniel Convissor <danielc@php.net> |
// +----------------------------------------------------------------------+
// $Id: DB.php,v 1.58 2004/03/13 16:17:19 danielc Exp $
// Database independent query interface.
* The method mapErrorCode in each DB_dbtype implementation maps
* native error codes to one of these.
* If you add an error code here, make sure you also add a textual
* version of it in DB::errorMessage().
define('DB_ERROR_SYNTAX', -2 );
define('DB_ERROR_CONSTRAINT', -3 );
define('DB_ERROR_NOT_FOUND', -4 );
define('DB_ERROR_ALREADY_EXISTS', -5 );
define('DB_ERROR_UNSUPPORTED', -6 );
define('DB_ERROR_MISMATCH', -7 );
define('DB_ERROR_INVALID', -8 );
define('DB_ERROR_NOT_CAPABLE', -9 );
define('DB_ERROR_TRUNCATED', -10 );
define('DB_ERROR_INVALID_NUMBER', -11 );
define('DB_ERROR_INVALID_DATE', -12 );
define('DB_ERROR_DIVZERO', -13 );
define('DB_ERROR_NODBSELECTED', -14 );
define('DB_ERROR_CANNOT_CREATE', -15 );
define('DB_ERROR_CANNOT_DELETE', -16 );
define('DB_ERROR_CANNOT_DROP', -17 );
define('DB_ERROR_NOSUCHTABLE', -18 );
define('DB_ERROR_NOSUCHFIELD', -19 );
define('DB_ERROR_NEED_MORE_DATA', -20 );
define('DB_ERROR_NOT_LOCKED', -21 );
define('DB_ERROR_VALUE_COUNT_ON_ROW', -22 );
define('DB_ERROR_INVALID_DSN', -23 );
define('DB_ERROR_CONNECT_FAILED', -24 );
define('DB_ERROR_EXTENSION_NOT_FOUND',-25 );
define('DB_ERROR_ACCESS_VIOLATION', -26 );
define('DB_ERROR_NOSUCHDB', -27 );
define('DB_ERROR_CONSTRAINT_NOT_NULL',-29 );
// {{{ prepared statement-related
* These constants are used when storing information about prepared
* statements (using the "prepare" method in DB_dbtype).
* The prepare/execute model in DB is mostly borrowed from the ODBC
* extension, in a query the "?" character means a scalar parameter.
* There are two extensions though, a "&" character means an opaque
* parameter. An opaque parameter is simply a file name, the real
* data are in that file (useful for putting uploaded files into your
* database and such). The "!" char means a parameter that must be
* They modify the quote behavoir:
* DB_PARAM_SCALAR (?) => 'original string quoted'
* DB_PARAM_OPAQUE (&) => 'string from file quoted'
* DB_PARAM_MISC (!) => original string
// {{{ binary data-related
* These constants define different ways of returning binary data
* from queries. Again, this model has been borrowed from the ODBC
* DB_BINMODE_PASSTHRU sends the data directly through to the browser
* when data is fetched from the database.
* DB_BINMODE_RETURN lets you return data as usual.
* DB_BINMODE_CONVERT returns data as well, only it is converted to
* hex format, for example the string "123" would become "313233".
define('DB_BINMODE_PASSTHRU', 1 );
define('DB_BINMODE_RETURN', 2 );
define('DB_BINMODE_CONVERT', 3 );
* This is a special constant that tells DB the user hasn't specified
* any particular get mode, so the default should be used.
define('DB_FETCHMODE_DEFAULT', 0 );
* Column data indexed by numbers, ordered from 0 and up
define('DB_FETCHMODE_ORDERED', 1 );
* Column data indexed by column names
define('DB_FETCHMODE_ASSOC', 2 );
* Column data as object properties
define('DB_FETCHMODE_OBJECT', 3 );
* For multi-dimensional results: normally the first level of arrays
* is the row number, and the second level indexed by column number or name.
* DB_FETCHMODE_FLIPPED switches this order, so the first level of arrays
* is the column name, and the second level the row number.
define('DB_FETCHMODE_FLIPPED', 4 );
define('DB_GETMODE_ORDERED', DB_FETCHMODE_ORDERED );
define('DB_GETMODE_ASSOC', DB_FETCHMODE_ASSOC );
define('DB_GETMODE_FLIPPED', DB_FETCHMODE_FLIPPED );
// {{{ tableInfo() && autoPrepare()-related
* these are constants for the tableInfo-function
* they are bitwised or'ed. so if there are more constants to be defined
* in the future, adjust DB_TABLEINFO_FULL accordingly
define('DB_TABLEINFO_ORDER', 1 );
define('DB_TABLEINFO_ORDERTABLE', 2 );
define('DB_TABLEINFO_FULL', 3 );
define('DB_AUTOQUERY_INSERT', 1 );
define('DB_AUTOQUERY_UPDATE', 2 );
* Portability: turn off all portability features.
* @see DB_common::setOption()
define('DB_PORTABILITY_NONE', 0 );
* Portability: convert names of tables and fields to lower case
* when using the get*(), fetch*() and tableInfo() methods.
* @see DB_common::setOption()
define('DB_PORTABILITY_LOWERCASE', 1 );
* Portability: right trim the data output by get*() and fetch*().
* @see DB_common::setOption()
define('DB_PORTABILITY_RTRIM', 2 );
* Portability: force reporting the number of rows deleted.
* @see DB_common::setOption()
define('DB_PORTABILITY_DELETE_COUNT', 4 );
* Portability: enable hack that makes numRows() work in Oracle.
* @see DB_common::setOption()
define('DB_PORTABILITY_NUMROWS', 8 );
* Portability: makes certain error messages in certain drivers compatible
* with those from other DBMS's.
* + mysql, mysqli: change unique/primary key constraints
* DB_ERROR_ALREADY_EXISTS -> DB_ERROR_CONSTRAINT
* + odbc(access): MS's ODBC driver reports 'no such field' as code
* 07001, which means 'too few parameters.' When this option is on
* that code gets mapped to DB_ERROR_NOSUCHFIELD.
* @see DB_common::setOption()
define('DB_PORTABILITY_ERRORS', 16 );
* Portability: convert null values to empty strings in data output by
* @see DB_common::setOption()
define('DB_PORTABILITY_NULL_TO_EMPTY', 32 );
* Portability: turn on all portability features.
* @see DB_common::setOption()
define('DB_PORTABILITY_ALL', 63 );
* The main "DB" class is simply a container class with some static
* methods for creating DB objects as well as some utility functions
* common to all parts of DB.
* The object model of DB is as follows (indentation means inheritance):
* DB The main DB class. This is simply a utility class
* with some "static" methods for creating DB objects as
* well as common utility functions for other DB classes.
* DB_common The base for each DB implementation. Provides default
* | implementations (in OO lingo virtual methods) for
* | the actual DB implementations as well as a bunch of
* | query utility functions.
* +-DB_mysql The DB implementation for MySQL. Inherits DB_common.
* When calling DB::factory or DB::connect for MySQL
* connections, the object returned is an instance of this
* @author Stig Bakken <ssb@php.net>
* @author Tomas V.V.Cox <cox@idecnet.com>
* @version $Id: DB.php,v 1.58 2004/03/13 16:17:19 danielc Exp $
* Create a new DB object for the specified database type.
* Allows creation of a DB_<driver> object from which the object's
* methods can be utilized without actually connecting to a database.
* @param string $type database type, for example "mysql"
* @param array $options associative array of option names and values
* @return object a new DB object. On error, an error object.
* @see DB_common::setOption()
function &factory($type, $options = false )
$options = array ('persistent' => $options);
if (isset ($options['debug']) && $options['debug'] >= 2 ) {
// expose php errors with sufficient debug level
include_once " DB/{$type}.php";
@include_once " DB/{$type}.php";
$classname = " DB_${type}";
" Unable to include the DB/{$type}.php file" ,
foreach ($options as $option => $value) {
$test = $obj->setOption ($option, $value);
* Create a new DB object and connect to the specified database.
* $dsn = 'mysql://user:password@host/database'
* 'portability' => DB_PORTABILITY_ALL,
* $dbh =& DB::connect($dsn, $options);
* if (DB::isError($dbh)) {
* die($dbh->getMessage());
* @param mixed $dsn string "data source name" or an array in the
* format returned by DB::parseDSN()
* @param array $options an associative array of option names and
* @return object a newly created DB connection object, or a DB
* @see DB::parseDSN(), DB_common::setOption(), DB::isError()
function &connect($dsn, $options = array ())
$type = $dsninfo['phptype'];
* For backwards compatibility. $options used to be boolean,
* indicating whether the connection should be persistent.
$options = array ('persistent' => $options);
if (isset ($options['debug']) && $options['debug'] >= 2 ) {
// expose php errors with sufficient debug level
include_once " DB/${type}.php";
@include_once " DB/${type}.php";
$classname = " DB_${type}";
" Unable to include the DB/{$type}.php file for `$dsn'" ,
foreach ($options as $option => $value) {
$test = $obj->setOption ($option, $value);
$err = $obj->connect ($dsninfo, $obj->getOption ('persistent'));
* Return the DB API version
* @return int the DB API version number
* Tell whether a result code from a DB method is an error
* @param int $value result code
* @return bool whether $value is an error
return is_a($value, 'DB_Error');
* Tell whether a value is a DB connection
* @param mixed $value value to test
* @return bool whether $value is a DB connection
* Tell whether a query is a data manipulation query (insert,
* update or delete) or a data definition query (create, drop,
* @param string $query the query
* @return boolean whether $query is a data manipulation query
$manips = 'INSERT|UPDATE|DELETE|LOAD DATA|'. 'REPLACE|CREATE|DROP|'.
'ALTER|GRANT|REVOKE|'. 'LOCK|UNLOCK';
if (preg_match('/^\s*"?('. $manips. ')\s+/i', $query)) {
* Return a textual error message for a DB error code
* @param integer $value error code
* @return string error message, or false if the error code was
if (!isset ($errorMessages)) {
$value = $value->getCode ();
return isset ($errorMessages[$value]) ? $errorMessages[$value] : $errorMessages[DB_ERROR];
* Parse a data source name.
* Additional keys can be added by appending a URI query string to the
* The format of the supplied DSN is in its fullest form:
* phptype(dbsyntax)://username:password@protocol+hostspec/database?option=8&another=true
* Most variations are allowed:
* phptype://username:password@protocol+hostspec:110//usr/db_file.db?mode=0644
* phptype://username:password@hostspec/database_name
* phptype://username:password@hostspec
* phptype://username@hostspec
* phptype://hostspec/database
* @param string $dsn Data Source Name to be parsed
* @return array an associative array with the following keys:
* + phptype: Database backend used in PHP (mysql, odbc etc.)
* + dbsyntax: Database used with regards to SQL syntax etc.
* + protocol: Communication protocol to use (tcp, unix etc.)
* + hostspec: Host specification (hostname[:port])
* + database: Database to use on the DBMS server
* + username: User name for login
* + password: Password for login
* @author Tomas V.V.Cox <cox@idecnet.com>
$dsn['dbsyntax'] = $dsn['phptype'];
// Find phptype and dbsyntax
if (($pos = strpos($dsn, '://')) !== false ) {
$dsn = substr($dsn, $pos + 3 );
// Get phptype and dbsyntax
// $str => phptype(dbsyntax)
if (preg_match('|^(.+?)\((.*?)\)$|', $str, $arr)) {
$parsed['phptype'] = $arr[1 ];
$parsed['dbsyntax'] = !$arr[2 ] ? $arr[1 ] : $arr[2 ];
$parsed['phptype'] = $str;
$parsed['dbsyntax'] = $str;
// Get (if found): username and password
// $dsn => username:password@protocol+hostspec/database
if (($at = strrpos($dsn,'@')) !== false ) {
if (($pos = strpos($str, ':')) !== false ) {
// Find protocol and hostspec
// $dsn => proto(proto_opts)/database
if (preg_match('|^([^(]+)\((.*?)\)/?(.*?)$|', $dsn, $match)) {
$proto_opts = $match[2 ] ? $match[2 ] : false;
// $dsn => protocol+hostspec/database (old format)
if (strpos($dsn, '+') !== false ) {
list ($proto, $dsn) = explode('+', $dsn, 2 );
if (strpos($dsn, '/') !== false ) {
list ($proto_opts, $dsn) = explode('/', $dsn, 2 );
// process the different protocol options
$parsed['protocol'] = (!empty ($proto)) ? $proto : 'tcp';
if ($parsed['protocol'] == 'tcp') {
if (strpos($proto_opts, ':') !== false ) {
list ($parsed['hostspec'], $parsed['port']) = explode(':', $proto_opts);
$parsed['hostspec'] = $proto_opts;
} elseif ($parsed['protocol'] == 'unix') {
$parsed['socket'] = $proto_opts;
if (($pos = strpos($dsn, '?')) === false ) {
$parsed['database'] = $dsn;
// /database?param1=value1¶m2=value2
$parsed['database'] = substr($dsn, 0 , $pos);
$dsn = substr($dsn, $pos + 1 );
if (strpos($dsn, '&') !== false ) {
} else { // database?param1=value1
foreach ($opts as $opt) {
list ($key, $value) = explode('=', $opt);
if (!isset ($parsed[$key])) {
// don't allow params overwrite
* Load a PHP database extension if it is not loaded already.
* @param string $name the base name of the extension (without the .so or
* @return boolean true if the extension was already or successfully
* loaded, false if it could not be loaded
$dlext = OS_WINDOWS ? '.dll' : '.so';
$dlprefix = OS_WINDOWS ? 'php_' : '';
@dl($dlprefix . $name . $dlext);
* DB_Error implements a class for reporting portable database error
* @author Stig Bakken <ssb@php.net>
* @param mixed $code DB error code, or string with error message.
* @param integer $mode what "error mode" to operate in
* @param integer $level what error level to use for $mode & PEAR_ERROR_TRIGGER
* @param mixed $debuginfo additional debug info, such as the last query
function DB_Error($code = DB_ERROR , $mode = PEAR_ERROR_RETURN ,
$level = E_USER_NOTICE , $debuginfo = null )
$this->PEAR_Error ('DB Error: ' . DB::errorMessage($code), $code, $mode, $level, $debuginfo);
$this->PEAR_Error (" DB Error: $code" , DB_ERROR, $mode, $level, $debuginfo);
* This class implements a wrapper for a DB result set.
* A new instance of this class will be returned by the DB implementation
* after processing a query that returns data.
* @author Stig Bakken <ssb@php.net>
* for limit queries, the row to start fetching
* for limit queries, the number of rows to fetch
* @param resource &$dbh DB object reference
* @param resource $result result resource id
* @param array $options assoc array with optional result options
function DB_result(&$dbh, $result, $options = array ())
foreach ($options as $key => $value) {
$this->limit_type = $dbh->features ['limit'];
$this->autofree = $dbh->options ['autofree'];
$this->fetchmode = $dbh->fetchmode;
$this->fetchmode_object_class = $dbh->fetchmode_object_class;
* Fetch a row of data and return it by reference into an array.
* The type of array returned can be controlled either by setting this
* method's <var>$fetchmode</var> parameter or by changing the default
* fetch mode setFetchMode() before calling this method.
* There are two options for standardizing the information returned
* from databases, ensuring their values are consistent when changing
* DBMS's. These portability options can be turned on when creating a
* new DB object or by using setOption().
* + <samp>DB_PORTABILITY_LOWERCASE</samp>
* convert names of fields to lower case
* + <samp>DB_PORTABILITY_RTRIM</samp>
* @param int $fetchmode how the resulting array should be indexed
* @param int $rownum the row number to fetch
* @return array a row of data, null on no more rows or PEAR_Error
* @see DB_common::setOption(), DB_common::setFetchMode()
function &fetchRow($fetchmode = DB_FETCHMODE_DEFAULT , $rownum=null )
$fetchmode = $this->fetchmode;
$object_class = $this->fetchmode_object_class;
if ($this->limit_type == false ) {
$this->dbh->fetchInto ($this->result, $arr, $fetchmode);
if ($this->limit_type == 'emulate') {
$res = $this->dbh->fetchInto ($this->result, $arr, $fetchmode, $rownum);
if (isset ($object_class)) {
// default mode specified in DB_common::fetchmode_object_class property
if ($object_class == 'stdClass') {
$arr = &new $object_class($arr);
if ($res == null && $this->autofree) {
* Fetch a row of data into an array which is passed by reference.
* The type of array returned can be controlled either by setting this
* method's <var>$fetchmode</var> parameter or by changing the default
* fetch mode setFetchMode() before calling this method.
* There are two options for standardizing the information returned
* from databases, ensuring their values are consistent when changing
* DBMS's. These portability options can be turned on when creating a
* new DB object or by using setOption().
* + <samp>DB_PORTABILITY_LOWERCASE</samp>
* convert names of fields to lower case
* + <samp>DB_PORTABILITY_RTRIM</samp>
* @param array &$arr (reference) array where data from the row
* @param int $fetchmode how the resulting array should be indexed
* @param int $rownum the row number to fetch
* @return mixed DB_OK on success, null on no more rows or
* a DB_Error object on error
* @see DB_common::setOption(), DB_common::setFetchMode()
function fetchInto(&$arr, $fetchmode = DB_FETCHMODE_DEFAULT , $rownum=null )
$fetchmode = $this->fetchmode;
$object_class = $this->fetchmode_object_class;
if ($this->limit_type == false ) {
$this->dbh->fetchInto ($this->result, $arr, $fetchmode);
if ($this->limit_type == 'emulate') {
$res = $this->dbh->fetchInto ($this->result, $arr, $fetchmode, $rownum);
if (isset ($object_class)) {
// default mode specified in DB_common::fetchmode_object_class property
if ($object_class == 'stdClass') {
$arr = new $object_class($arr);
if ($res == null && $this->autofree) {
* Get the the number of columns in a result set.
* @return int the number of columns, or a DB error
* Get the number of rows in a result set.
* @return int the number of rows, or a DB error
* Get the next result if a batch of queries was executed.
* @return bool true if a new result is available or false if not.
return $this->dbh->nextResult ($this->result);
* Frees the resources allocated for this result set.
$err = $this->dbh->freeResult ($this->result);
* @see DB_common::tableInfo()
return $this->dbh->tableInfo ($this, $mode);
* returns the actual row number
* @see DB_common::setFetchMode()
* @param resource row data as array
foreach ($arr as $key => $value) {
$this->$key = &$arr[$key];
Documentation generated on Mon, 11 Mar 2019 10:14:51 -0400 by phpDocumentor 1.4.4. PEAR Logo Copyright © PHP Group 2004.
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