Source for file pgsql.php
Documentation is available at pgsql.php
/* vim: set expandtab tabstop=4 shiftwidth=4 softtabstop=4: */
* The PEAR DB driver for PHP's pgsql extension
* for interacting with PostgreSQL databases
* LICENSE: This source file is subject to version 3.0 of the PHP license
* that is available through the world-wide-web at the following URI:
* http://www.php.net/license/3_0.txt. If you did not receive a copy of
* the PHP License and are unable to obtain it through the web, please
* send a note to license@php.net so we can mail you a copy immediately.
* @author Rui Hirokawa <hirokawa@php.net>
* @author Stig Bakken <ssb@php.net>
* @author Daniel Convissor <danielc@php.net>
* @copyright 1997-2007 The PHP Group
* @license http://www.php.net/license/3_0.txt PHP License 3.0
* @version CVS: $Id: pgsql.php,v 1.139 2007/11/28 02:19:44 aharvey Exp $
* @link http://pear.php.net/package/DB
* Obtain the DB_common class so it can be extended from
require_once 'DB/common.php';
* The methods PEAR DB uses to interact with PHP's pgsql extension
* for interacting with PostgreSQL databases
* These methods overload the ones declared in DB_common.
* @author Rui Hirokawa <hirokawa@php.net>
* @author Stig Bakken <ssb@php.net>
* @author Daniel Convissor <danielc@php.net>
* @copyright 1997-2007 The PHP Group
* @license http://www.php.net/license/3_0.txt PHP License 3.0
* @version Release: 1.7.14RC1
* @link http://pear.php.net/package/DB
* The DB driver type (mysql, oci8, odbc, etc.)
* The database syntax variant to be used (db2, access, etc.), if any
* The capabilities of this DB implementation
* The 'new_link' element contains the PHP version that first provided
* new_link support for this DBMS. Contains false if it's unsupported.
* Meaning of the 'limit' element:
* + 'emulate' = emulate with fetch row by number
* + 'alter' = alter the query
* A mapping of native error codes to DB error codes
* The raw database connection created by PHP
* The DSN information for connecting to a database
* Should data manipulation queries be committed automatically?
* The quantity of transactions begun
* {@internal While this is private, it can't actually be designated
* private in PHP 5 because it is directly accessed in the test suite.}}}
var $transaction_opcount = 0;
* The number of rows affected by a data manipulation query
* The current row being looked at in fetchInto()
* The number of rows in a given result set
var $_num_rows = array ();
* This constructor calls <kbd>$this->DB_common()</kbd>
* Connect to the database server, log in and open the database
* Don't call this method directly. Use DB::connect() instead.
* PEAR DB's pgsql driver supports the following extra DSN options:
* + connect_timeout How many seconds to wait for a connection to
* be established. Available since PEAR DB 1.7.0.
* + new_link If set to true, causes subsequent calls to
* connect() to return a new connection link
* instead of the existing one. WARNING: this is
* not portable to other DBMS's. Available only
* if PHP is >= 4.3.0 and PEAR DB is >= 1.7.0.
* + options Command line options to be sent to the server.
* Available since PEAR DB 1.6.4.
* + service Specifies a service name in pg_service.conf that
* holds additional connection parameters.
* Available since PEAR DB 1.7.0.
* + sslmode How should SSL be used when connecting? Values:
* disable, allow, prefer or require.
* Available since PEAR DB 1.7.0.
* + tty This was used to specify where to send server
* debug output. Available since PEAR DB 1.6.4.
* Example of connecting to a new link via a socket:
* $dsn = 'pgsql://user:pass@unix(/tmp)/dbname?new_link=true';
* 'portability' => DB_PORTABILITY_ALL,
* $db = DB::connect($dsn, $options);
* if (PEAR::isError($db)) {
* die($db->getMessage());
* @param array $dsn the data source name
* @param bool $persistent should the connection be persistent?
* @return int DB_OK on success. A DB_Error object on failure.
* @link http://www.postgresql.org/docs/current/static/libpq.html#LIBPQ-CONNECT
function connect($dsn, $persistent = false )
if (!PEAR ::loadExtension ('pgsql')) {
$protocol = $dsn['protocol'] ? $dsn['protocol'] : 'tcp';
if ($protocol == 'tcp') {
$params[0 ] .= 'host=' . $dsn['hostspec'];
$params[0 ] .= ' port=' . $dsn['port'];
} elseif ($protocol == 'unix') {
// Allow for pg socket in non-standard locations.
$params[0 ] .= 'host=' . $dsn['socket'];
$params[0 ] .= ' port=' . $dsn['port'];
$params[0 ] .= ' dbname=\'' . addslashes($dsn['database']) . '\'';
$params[0 ] .= ' user=\'' . addslashes($dsn['username']) . '\'';
$params[0 ] .= ' password=\'' . addslashes($dsn['password']) . '\'';
if (!empty ($dsn['options'])) {
$params[0 ] .= ' options=' . $dsn['options'];
if (!empty ($dsn['tty'])) {
$params[0 ] .= ' tty=' . $dsn['tty'];
if (!empty ($dsn['connect_timeout'])) {
$params[0 ] .= ' connect_timeout=' . $dsn['connect_timeout'];
if (!empty ($dsn['sslmode'])) {
$params[0 ] .= ' sslmode=' . $dsn['sslmode'];
if (!empty ($dsn['service'])) {
$params[0 ] .= ' service=' . $dsn['service'];
if (isset ($dsn['new_link'])
&& ($dsn['new_link'] == 'true' || $dsn['new_link'] === true ))
$params[] = PGSQL_CONNECT_FORCE_NEW;
$connect_function = $persistent ? 'pg_pconnect' : 'pg_connect';
* Disconnects from the database server
* @return bool TRUE on success, FALSE on failure
* Sends a query to the database server
* @param string the SQL query string
* @return mixed + a PHP result resrouce for successful SELECT queries
* + the DB_OK constant for other successful queries
* + a DB_Error object on failure
if (!$this->autocommit && $ismanip) {
if ($this->transaction_opcount == 0 ) {
$this->transaction_opcount++;
* Determine whether queries produce affected rows, result or nothing.
* This logic was introduced in version 1.1 of the file by ssb,
* though the regex has been modified slightly since then.
* ABORT, ALTER, BEGIN, CLOSE, CLUSTER, COMMIT, COPY,
* CREATE, DECLARE, DELETE, DROP TABLE, EXPLAIN, FETCH,
* GRANT, INSERT, LISTEN, LOAD, LOCK, MOVE, NOTIFY, RESET,
* REVOKE, ROLLBACK, SELECT, SELECT INTO, SET, SHOW,
* UNLISTEN, UPDATE, VACUUM
$this->affected = @pg_affected_rows ($result);
} elseif (preg_match('/^\s*\(*\s*(SELECT|EXPLAIN|FETCH|SHOW)\s/si',
$this->row[(int) $result] = 0; // reset the row counter.
$numrows = $this->numRows($result);
$this->_num_rows[(int) $result] = $numrows;
* Move the internal pgsql result pointer to the next available result
* @param a valid fbsql result resource
* @return true if a result is available otherwise return false
* Places a row from the result set into the given array
* Formating of the array and the data therein are configurable.
* See DB_result::fetchInto() for more information.
* This method is not meant to be called directly. Use
* DB_result::fetchInto() instead. It can't be declared "protected"
* because DB_result is a separate object.
* @param resource $result the query result resource
* @param array $arr the referenced array to put the data in
* @param int $fetchmode how the resulting array should be indexed
* @param int $rownum the row number to fetch (0 = first row)
* @return mixed DB_OK on success, NULL when the end of a result set is
* @see DB_result::fetchInto()
function fetchInto($result, &$arr, $fetchmode, $rownum = null )
$result_int = (int) $result;
$rownum = ($rownum !== null ) ? $rownum : $this->row[$result_int];
if ($rownum >= $this->_num_rows[$result_int]) {
$arr = @pg_fetch_array ($result, $rownum, PGSQL_ASSOC );
$arr = @pg_fetch_row ($result, $rownum);
$this->row[$result_int] = ++ $rownum;
* Deletes the result set and frees the memory occupied by the result set
* This method is not meant to be called directly. Use
* DB_result::free() instead. It can't be declared "protected"
* because DB_result is a separate object.
* @param resource $result PHP's query result resource
* @return bool TRUE on success, FALSE if $result is invalid
unset ($this->row[(int) $result]);
unset ($this->_num_rows[(int) $result]);
return @pg_freeresult ($result);
* @deprecated Deprecated in release 1.6.0
* Formats a boolean value for use within a query in a locale-independent
* @param boolean the boolean value to be quoted.
* @return string the quoted string.
* @see DB_common::quoteSmart()
* @since Method available since release 1.7.8.
return $boolean ? 'TRUE' : 'FALSE';
* Escapes a string according to the current DBMS's standards
* {@internal PostgreSQL treats a backslash as an escape character,
* so they are escaped as well.
* @param string $str the string to be escaped
* @return string the escaped string
* @see DB_common::quoteSmart()
* @since Method available since Release 1.6.0
/* This fixes an undocumented BC break in PHP 5.2.0 which changed
* the prototype of pg_escape_string. I'm not thrilled about having
* to sniff the PHP version, quite frankly, but it's the only way
* to deal with the problem. Revision 1.331.2.13.2.10 on
* php-src/ext/pgsql/pgsql.c (PHP_5_2 branch) is to blame, for the
return pg_escape_string ($str);
* Gets the number of columns in a result set
* This method is not meant to be called directly. Use
* DB_result::numCols() instead. It can't be declared "protected"
* because DB_result is a separate object.
* @param resource $result PHP's query result resource
* @return int the number of columns. A DB_Error object on failure.
* @see DB_result::numCols()
$cols = @pg_numfields ($result);
* Gets the number of rows in a result set
* This method is not meant to be called directly. Use
* DB_result::numRows() instead. It can't be declared "protected"
* because DB_result is a separate object.
* @param resource $result PHP's query result resource
* @return int the number of rows. A DB_Error object on failure.
* @see DB_result::numRows()
$rows = @pg_numrows ($result);
* Enables or disables automatic commits
* @param bool $onoff true turns it on, false turns it off
* @return int DB_OK on success. A DB_Error object if the driver
* doesn't support auto-committing transactions.
// XXX if $this->transaction_opcount > 0, we should probably
$this->autocommit = $onoff ? true : false;
* Commits the current transaction
* @return int DB_OK on success. A DB_Error object on failure.
if ($this->transaction_opcount > 0 ) {
// (disabled) hack to shut up error messages from libpq.a
//@fclose(@fopen("php://stderr", "w"));
$this->transaction_opcount = 0;
* Reverts the current transaction
* @return int DB_OK on success. A DB_Error object on failure.
if ($this->transaction_opcount > 0 ) {
$this->transaction_opcount = 0;
* Determines the number of rows affected by a data maniuplation query
* 0 is returned for queries that don't manipulate data.
* @return int the number of rows. A DB_Error object on failure.
* Returns the next free id in a sequence
* @param string $seq_name name of the sequence
* @param boolean $ondemand when true, the seqence is automatically
* created if it does not exist
* @return int the next id number in the sequence.
* A DB_Error object on failure.
* @see DB_common::nextID(), DB_common::getSequenceName(),
* DB_pgsql::createSequence(), DB_pgsql::dropSequence()
function nextId($seq_name, $ondemand = true )
$this->pushErrorHandling (PEAR_ERROR_RETURN );
$result = $this->query(" SELECT NEXTVAL('${seqname}')" );
$this->popErrorHandling ();
$this->pushErrorHandling (PEAR_ERROR_RETURN );
$this->popErrorHandling ();
* @param string $seq_name name of the new sequence
* @return int DB_OK on success. A DB_Error object on failure.
* @see DB_common::createSequence(), DB_common::getSequenceName(),
* DB_pgsql::nextID(), DB_pgsql::dropSequence()
$result = $this->query(" CREATE SEQUENCE ${seqname}" );
* @param string $seq_name name of the sequence to be deleted
* @return int DB_OK on success. A DB_Error object on failure.
* @see DB_common::dropSequence(), DB_common::getSequenceName(),
* DB_pgsql::nextID(), DB_pgsql::createSequence()
return $this->query('DROP SEQUENCE '
// {{{ modifyLimitQuery()
* Adds LIMIT clauses to a query string according to current DBMS standards
* @param string $query the query to modify
* @param int $from the row to start to fetching (0 = the first row)
* @param int $count the numbers of rows to fetch
* @param mixed $params array, string or numeric data to be used in
* execution of the statement. Quantity of items
* passed must match quantity of placeholders in
* query: meaning 1 placeholder for non-array
* parameters or 1 placeholder per array element.
* @return string the query string with LIMIT clauses added
return " $query LIMIT $count OFFSET $from";
* Produces a DB_Error object regarding the current problem
* @param int $errno if the error is being manually raised pass a
* DB_ERROR* constant here. If this isn't passed
* the error information gathered from the DBMS.
* @return object the DB_Error object
* @see DB_common::raiseError(),
* DB_pgsql::errorNative(), DB_pgsql::errorCode()
$native = 'Database connection has been lost.';
return $this->raiseError($errno, null , null , null , $native);
* Gets the DBMS' native error message produced by the last query
* {@internal Error messages are used instead of error codes
* in order to support older versions of PostgreSQL.}}}
* @return string the DBMS' error message
* Determines PEAR::DB error code from the database's text error message.
* @param string $errormsg error message returned from the database
* @return integer an error number from a DB error constant
if (!isset ($error_regexps)) {
'/column .* (of relation .*)?does not exist/i'
'/(relation|sequence|table).*does not exist|class .* not found/i'
'/index .* does not exist/'
'/relation .* already exists/i'
'/(divide|division) by zero$/i'
'/pg_atoi: error in .*: can\'t parse /i'
'/invalid input syntax for( type)? (integer|numeric)/i'
'/value .* is out of range for type \w*int/i'
'/integer out of range/i'
'/value too long for type character/i'
'/attribute .* not found|relation .* does not have attribute/i'
'/column .* specified in USING clause does not exist in (left|right) table/i'
'/parser: parse error at or near/i'
'/column reference .* is ambiguous/i'
'/violates not-null constraint/'
'/violates [\w ]+ constraint/'
'/referential integrity violation/'
'/more expressions than target columns/i'
foreach ($error_regexps as $regexp => $code) {
// Fall back to DB_ERROR if there was no mapping.
* Returns information about a table or a result set
* NOTE: only supports 'table' and 'flags' if <var>$result</var>
* @param object|string $result DB_result object from a query or a
* string containing the name of a table.
* While this also accepts a query result
* resource identifier, this behavior is
* @param int $mode a valid tableInfo mode
* @return array an associative array with the information requested.
* A DB_Error object on failure.
* @see DB_common::tableInfo()
* Probably received a table name.
* Create a result resource identifier.
$id = @pg_exec ($this->connection, " SELECT * FROM $result LIMIT 0" );
} elseif (isset ($result->result )) {
* Probably received a result object.
* Extract the result resource identifier.
* Probably received a result resource identifier.
* Deprecated. Here for compatibility only.
$case_func = 'strtolower';
$count = @pg_numfields ($id);
$res['num_fields'] = $count;
for ($i = 0; $i < $count; $i++ ) {
'table' => $got_string ? $case_func($result) : '',
'name' => $case_func(@pg_fieldname ($id, $i)),
'type' => @pg_fieldtype ($id, $i),
'len' => @pg_fieldsize ($id, $i),
? $this->_pgFieldFlags ($id, $i, $result)
$res['order'][$res[$i]['name']] = $i;
$res['ordertable'][$res[$i]['table']][$res[$i]['name']] = $i;
// free the result only if we were called on a table
* Supports "not_null", "default_value", "primary_key", "unique_key"
* and "multiple_key". The default value is passed through
* rawurlencode() in case there are spaces in it.
* @param int $resource the PostgreSQL result identifier
* @param int $num_field the field number
* @return string the flags
function _pgFieldFlags ($resource, $num_field, $table_name)
$field_name = @pg_fieldname ($resource, $num_field);
// Check if there's a schema in $table_name and update things
$from = 'pg_attribute f, pg_class tab, pg_type typ';
if (strpos($table_name, '.') !== false ) {
$from .= ', pg_namespace nsp';
list ($schema, $table) = explode('.', $table_name);
$tableWhere = " tab.relname = '$table' AND tab.relnamespace = nsp.oid AND nsp.nspname = '$schema'";
$tableWhere = " tab.relname = '$table_name'";
$result = @pg_exec ($this->connection, " SELECT f.attnotnull, f.atthasdef
WHERE tab.relname = typ.typname
AND typ.typrelid = f.attrelid
AND f.attname = '$field_name'
if (@pg_numrows ($result) > 0 ) {
$row = @pg_fetch_row ($result, 0 );
$flags = ($row[0 ] == 't') ? 'not_null ' : '';
$result = @pg_exec ($this->connection, " SELECT a.adsrc
WHERE tab.relname = typ.typname AND typ.typrelid = f.attrelid
AND f.attrelid = a.adrelid AND f.attname = '$field_name'
AND $tableWhere AND f.attnum = a.adnum" );
$row = @pg_fetch_row ($result, 0 );
$result = @pg_exec ($this->connection, " SELECT i.indisunique, i.indisprimary, i.indkey
WHERE tab.relname = typ.typname
AND typ.typrelid = f.attrelid
AND f.attrelid = i.indrelid
AND f.attname = '$field_name'
$count = @pg_numrows ($result);
for ($i = 0; $i < $count ; $i++ ) {
$row = @pg_fetch_row ($result, $i);
$flags .= ($row[0 ] == 't' && $row[1 ] == 'f') ? 'unique_key ' : '';
$flags .= ($row[1 ] == 't') ? 'primary_key ' : '';
$flags .= 'multiple_key ';
* Obtains the query string needed for listing a given type of objects
* @param string $type the kind of objects you want to retrieve
* @return string the SQL query string or null if the driver doesn't
* support the object type requested
* @see DB_common::getListOf()
return 'SELECT c.relname AS "Name"'
. ' FROM pg_class c, pg_user u'
. ' WHERE c.relowner = u.usesysid'
. ' (SELECT 1 FROM pg_views'
. ' WHERE viewname = c.relname)'
. " AND c.relname !~ '^(pg_|sql_)'"
. ' SELECT c.relname AS "Name"'
. " WHERE c.relkind = 'r'"
. ' (SELECT 1 FROM pg_views'
. ' WHERE viewname = c.relname)'
. ' (SELECT 1 FROM pg_user'
. ' WHERE usesysid = c.relowner)'
. " AND c.relname !~ '^pg_'";
return "SELECT schemaname || '.' || tablename"
. ' FROM pg_catalog.pg_tables'
. ' WHERE schemaname NOT IN'
. " ('pg_catalog', 'information_schema', 'pg_toast')";
return "SELECT schemaname || '.' || viewname from pg_views WHERE schemaname"
. " NOT IN ('information_schema', 'pg_catalog')";
// Table cols: viewname | viewowner | definition
return 'SELECT viewname from pg_views WHERE schemaname'
. " NOT IN ('information_schema', 'pg_catalog')";
// cols: usename |usesysid|usecreatedb|usetrace|usesuper|usecatupd|passwd |valuntil
return 'SELECT usename FROM pg_user';
return 'SELECT datname FROM pg_database';
return 'SELECT proname FROM pg_proc WHERE proowner <> 1';
* Checks if the given query is a manipulation query. This also takes into
* account the _next_query_manip flag and sets the _last_query_manip flag
* (and resets _next_query_manip) according to the result.
* @param string The query to check.
* @return boolean true if the query is a manipulation query, false
return (preg_match('/^\s*(SAVEPOINT|RELEASE)\s+/i', $query)
Documentation generated on Tue, 27 Nov 2007 21:30:38 -0500 by phpDocumentor 1.4.0. PEAR Logo Copyright © PHP Group 2004.
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