Source for file pgsql.php
Documentation is available at pgsql.php
/* vim: set expandtab tabstop=4 shiftwidth=4 softtabstop=4: */
* The PEAR DB driver for PHP's pgsql extension
* for interacting with PostgreSQL databases
* LICENSE: This source file is subject to version 3.0 of the PHP license
* that is available through the world-wide-web at the following URI:
* http://www.php.net/license/3_0.txt. If you did not receive a copy of
* the PHP License and are unable to obtain it through the web, please
* send a note to license@php.net so we can mail you a copy immediately.
* @author Rui Hirokawa <hirokawa@php.net>
* @author Stig Bakken <ssb@php.net>
* @author Daniel Convissor <danielc@php.net>
* @copyright 1997-2007 The PHP Group
* @license http://www.php.net/license/3_0.txt PHP License 3.0
* @version CVS: $Id: pgsql.php,v 1.139 2007/11/28 02:19:44 aharvey Exp $
* @link http://pear.php.net/package/DB
* Obtain the DB_common class so it can be extended from
require_once 'DB/common.php';
* The methods PEAR DB uses to interact with PHP's pgsql extension
* for interacting with PostgreSQL databases
* These methods overload the ones declared in DB_common.
* @author Rui Hirokawa <hirokawa@php.net>
* @author Stig Bakken <ssb@php.net>
* @author Daniel Convissor <danielc@php.net>
* @copyright 1997-2007 The PHP Group
* @license http://www.php.net/license/3_0.txt PHP License 3.0
* @version Release: 1.7.14RC1
* @link http://pear.php.net/package/DB
* The DB driver type (mysql, oci8, odbc, etc.)
* The database syntax variant to be used (db2, access, etc.), if any
* The capabilities of this DB implementation
* The 'new_link' element contains the PHP version that first provided
* new_link support for this DBMS. Contains false if it's unsupported.
* Meaning of the 'limit' element:
* + 'emulate' = emulate with fetch row by number
* + 'alter' = alter the query
* A mapping of native error codes to DB error codes
* The raw database connection created by PHP
* The DSN information for connecting to a database
* Should data manipulation queries be committed automatically?
* The quantity of transactions begun
* {@internal While this is private, it can't actually be designated
* private in PHP 5 because it is directly accessed in the test suite.}}}
var $transaction_opcount = 0;
* The number of rows affected by a data manipulation query
* The current row being looked at in fetchInto()
* The number of rows in a given result set
var $_num_rows = array ();
* This constructor calls <kbd>$this->DB_common()</kbd>
* Connect to the database server, log in and open the database
* Don't call this method directly. Use DB::connect() instead.
* PEAR DB's pgsql driver supports the following extra DSN options:
* + connect_timeout How many seconds to wait for a connection to
* be established. Available since PEAR DB 1.7.0.
* + new_link If set to true, causes subsequent calls to
* connect() to return a new connection link
* instead of the existing one. WARNING: this is
* not portable to other DBMS's. Available only
* if PHP is >= 4.3.0 and PEAR DB is >= 1.7.0.
* + options Command line options to be sent to the server.
* Available since PEAR DB 1.6.4.
* + service Specifies a service name in pg_service.conf that
* holds additional connection parameters.
* Available since PEAR DB 1.7.0.
* + sslmode How should SSL be used when connecting? Values:
* disable, allow, prefer or require.
* Available since PEAR DB 1.7.0.
* + tty This was used to specify where to send server
* debug output. Available since PEAR DB 1.6.4.
* Example of connecting to a new link via a socket:
* $dsn = 'pgsql://user:pass@unix(/tmp)/dbname?new_link=true';
* 'portability' => DB_PORTABILITY_ALL,
* $db = DB::connect($dsn, $options);
* if (PEAR::isError($db)) {
* die($db->getMessage());
* @param array $dsn the data source name
* @param bool $persistent should the connection be persistent?
* @return int DB_OK on success. A DB_Error object on failure.
* @link http://www.postgresql.org/docs/current/static/libpq.html#LIBPQ-CONNECT
function connect($dsn, $persistent = false )
if (!PEAR ::loadExtension ('pgsql')) {
$protocol = $dsn['protocol'] ? $dsn['protocol'] : 'tcp';
if ($protocol == 'tcp') {
$params[0 ] .= 'host=' . $dsn['hostspec'];
$params[0 ] .= ' port=' . $dsn['port'];
} elseif ($protocol == 'unix') {
// Allow for pg socket in non-standard locations.
$params[0 ] .= 'host=' . $dsn['socket'];
$params[0 ] .= ' port=' . $dsn['port'];
$params[0 ] .= ' dbname=\'' . addslashes($dsn['database']) . '\'';
$params[0 ] .= ' user=\'' . addslashes($dsn['username']) . '\'';
$params[0 ] .= ' password=\'' . addslashes($dsn['password']) . '\'';
if (!empty ($dsn['options'])) {
$params[0 ] .= ' options=' . $dsn['options'];
if (!empty ($dsn['tty'])) {
$params[0 ] .= ' tty=' . $dsn['tty'];
if (!empty ($dsn['connect_timeout'])) {
$params[0 ] .= ' connect_timeout=' . $dsn['connect_timeout'];
if (!empty ($dsn['sslmode'])) {
$params[0 ] .= ' sslmode=' . $dsn['sslmode'];
if (!empty ($dsn['service'])) {
$params[0 ] .= ' service=' . $dsn['service'];
if (isset ($dsn['new_link'])
&& ($dsn['new_link'] == 'true' || $dsn['new_link'] === true ))
$params[] = PGSQL_CONNECT_FORCE_NEW;
$connect_function = $persistent ? 'pg_pconnect' : 'pg_connect';
* Disconnects from the database server
* @return bool TRUE on success, FALSE on failure
* Sends a query to the database server
* @param string the SQL query string
* @return mixed + a PHP result resrouce for successful SELECT queries
* + the DB_OK constant for other successful queries
* + a DB_Error object on failure
if (!$this->autocommit && $ismanip) {
if ($this->transaction_opcount == 0 ) {
$this->transaction_opcount++;
* Determine whether queries produce affected rows, result or nothing.
* This logic was introduced in version 1.1 of the file by ssb,
* though the regex has been modified slightly since then.
* ABORT, ALTER, BEGIN, CLOSE, CLUSTER, COMMIT, COPY,
* CREATE, DECLARE, DELETE, DROP TABLE, EXPLAIN, FETCH,
* GRANT, INSERT, LISTEN, LOAD, LOCK, MOVE, NOTIFY, RESET,
* REVOKE, ROLLBACK, SELECT, SELECT INTO, SET, SHOW,
* UNLISTEN, UPDATE, VACUUM
$this->affected = @pg_affected_rows ($result);
} elseif (preg_match('/^\s*\(*\s*(SELECT|EXPLAIN|FETCH|SHOW)\s/si',
$this->row[(int) $result] = 0; // reset the row counter.
$numrows = $this->numRows($result);
$this->_num_rows[(int) $result] = $numrows;
* Move the internal pgsql result pointer to the next available result
* @param a valid fbsql result resource
* @return true if a result is available otherwise return false
* Places a row from the result set into the given array
* Formating of the array and the data therein are configurable.
* See DB_result::fetchInto() for more information.
* This method is not meant to be called directly. Use
* DB_result::fetchInto() instead. It can't be declared "protected"
* because DB_result is a separate object.
* @param resource $result the query result resource
* @param array $arr the referenced array to put the data in
* @param int $fetchmode how the resulting array should be indexed
* @param int $rownum the row number to fetch (0 = first row)
* @return mixed DB_OK on success, NULL when the end of a result set is
* @see DB_result::fetchInto()
function fetchInto($result, &$arr, $fetchmode, $rownum = null )
$result_int = (int) $result;
$rownum = ($rownum !== null ) ? $rownum : $this->row[$result_int];
if ($rownum >= $this->_num_rows[$result_int]) {
$arr = @pg_fetch_array ($result, $rownum, PGSQL_ASSOC );
$arr = @pg_fetch_row ($result, $rownum);
$this->row[$result_int] = ++ $rownum;
* Deletes the result set and frees the memory occupied by the result set
* This method is not meant to be called directly. Use
* DB_result::free() instead. It can't be declared "protected"
* because DB_result is a separate object.
* @param resource $result PHP's query result resource
* @return bool TRUE on success, FALSE if $result is invalid
unset ($this->row[(int) $result]);
unset ($this->_num_rows[(int) $result]);
return @pg_freeresult ($result);
* @deprecated Deprecated in release 1.6.0
* Formats a boolean value for use within a query in a locale-independent
* @param boolean the boolean value to be quoted.
* @return string the quoted string.
* @see DB_common::quoteSmart()
* @since Method available since release 1.7.8.
return $boolean ? 'TRUE' : 'FALSE';
* Escapes a string according to the current DBMS's standards
* {@internal PostgreSQL treats a backslash as an escape character,
* so they are escaped as well.
* @param string $str the string to be escaped
* @return string the escaped string
* @see DB_common::quoteSmart()
* @since Method available since Release 1.6.0
/* This fixes an undocumented BC break in PHP 5.2.0 which changed
* the prototype of pg_escape_string. I'm not thrilled about having
* to sniff the PHP version, quite frankly, but it's the only way
* to deal with the problem. Revision 1.331.2.13.2.10 on
* php-src/ext/pgsql/pgsql.c (PHP_5_2 branch) is to blame, for the
return pg_escape_string ($str);
* Gets the number of columns in a result set
* This method is not meant to be called directly. Use
* DB_result::numCols() instead. It can't be declared "protected"
* because DB_result is a separate object.
* @param resource $result PHP's query result resource
* @return int the number of columns. A DB_Error object on failure.
* @see DB_result::numCols()
$cols = @pg_numfields ($result);
* Gets the number of rows in a result set
* This method is not meant to be called directly. Use
* DB_result::numRows() instead. It can't be declared "protected"
* because DB_result is a separate object.
* @param resource $result PHP's query result resource
* @return int the number of rows. A DB_Error object on failure.
* @see DB_result::numRows()
$rows = @pg_numrows ($result);
* Enables or disables automatic commits
* @param bool $onoff true turns it on, false turns it off
* @return int DB_OK on success. A DB_Error object if the driver
* doesn't support auto-committing transactions.
// XXX if $this->transaction_opcount > 0, we should probably
$this->autocommit = $onoff ? true : false;
* Commits the current transaction
* @return int DB_OK on success. A DB_Error object on failure.
if ($this->transaction_opcount > 0 ) {
// (disabled) hack to shut up error messages from libpq.a
//@fclose(@fopen("php://stderr", "w"));
$this->transaction_opcount = 0;
* Reverts the current transaction
* @return int DB_OK on success. A DB_Error object on failure.
if ($this->transaction_opcount > 0 ) {
$this->transaction_opcount = 0;
* Determines the number of rows affected by a data maniuplation query
* 0 is returned for queries that don't manipulate data.
* @return int the number of rows. A DB_Error object on failure.
* Returns the next free id in a sequence
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