Source for file oci8.php
Documentation is available at oci8.php
/* vim: set expandtab tabstop=4 shiftwidth=4 softtabstop=4: */
* The PEAR DB driver for PHP's oci8 extension
* for interacting with Oracle databases
* LICENSE: This source file is subject to version 3.0 of the PHP license
* that is available through the world-wide-web at the following URI:
* http://www.php.net/license/3_0.txt. If you did not receive a copy of
* the PHP License and are unable to obtain it through the web, please
* send a note to license@php.net so we can mail you a copy immediately.
* @author James L. Pine <jlp@valinux.com>
* @author Daniel Convissor <danielc@php.net>
* @copyright 1997-2007 The PHP Group
* @license http://www.php.net/license/3_0.txt PHP License 3.0
* @version CVS: $Id: oci8.php,v 1.116 2007/11/28 02:22:39 aharvey Exp $
* @link http://pear.php.net/package/DB
* Obtain the DB_common class so it can be extended from
require_once 'DB/common.php';
* The methods PEAR DB uses to interact with PHP's oci8 extension
* for interacting with Oracle databases
* Definitely works with versions 8 and 9 of Oracle.
* These methods overload the ones declared in DB_common.
* Be aware... OCIError() only appears to return anything when given a
* statement, so functions return the generic DB_ERROR instead of more
* useful errors that have to do with feedback from the database.
* @author James L. Pine <jlp@valinux.com>
* @author Daniel Convissor <danielc@php.net>
* @copyright 1997-2007 The PHP Group
* @license http://www.php.net/license/3_0.txt PHP License 3.0
* @version Release: 1.7.14RC1
* @link http://pear.php.net/package/DB
* The DB driver type (mysql, oci8, odbc, etc.)
* The database syntax variant to be used (db2, access, etc.), if any
* The capabilities of this DB implementation
* The 'new_link' element contains the PHP version that first provided
* new_link support for this DBMS. Contains false if it's unsupported.
* Meaning of the 'limit' element:
* + 'emulate' = emulate with fetch row by number
* + 'alter' = alter the query
* A mapping of native error codes to DB error codes
1 => DB_ERROR_CONSTRAINT ,
904 => DB_ERROR_NOSUCHFIELD ,
913 => DB_ERROR_VALUE_COUNT_ON_ROW ,
942 => DB_ERROR_NOSUCHTABLE ,
955 => DB_ERROR_ALREADY_EXISTS ,
1400 => DB_ERROR_CONSTRAINT_NOT_NULL ,
1401 => DB_ERROR_INVALID ,
1407 => DB_ERROR_CONSTRAINT_NOT_NULL ,
1418 => DB_ERROR_NOT_FOUND ,
1476 => DB_ERROR_DIVZERO ,
1722 => DB_ERROR_INVALID_NUMBER ,
2289 => DB_ERROR_NOSUCHTABLE ,
2291 => DB_ERROR_CONSTRAINT ,
2292 => DB_ERROR_CONSTRAINT ,
2449 => DB_ERROR_CONSTRAINT ,
12899 => DB_ERROR_INVALID ,
* The raw database connection created by PHP
* The DSN information for connecting to a database
* Should data manipulation queries be committed automatically?
* Stores the $data passed to execute() in the oci8 driver
* Gets reset to array() when simpleQuery() is run.
* Needed in case user wants to call numRows() after prepare/execute
* The result or statement handle from the most recently executed query
* Is the given prepared statement a data manipulation query?
var $manip_query = array ();
* Store of prepared SQL queries.
var $_prepared_queries = array ();
* This constructor calls <kbd>$this->DB_common()</kbd>
* Connect to the database server, log in and open the database
* Don't call this method directly. Use DB::connect() instead.
* If PHP is at version 5.0.0 or greater:
* + Generally, oci_connect() or oci_pconnect() are used.
* + But if the new_link DSN option is set to true, oci_new_connect()
* When using PHP version 4.x, OCILogon() or OCIPLogon() are used.
* PEAR DB's oci8 driver supports the following extra DSN options:
* + charset The character set to be used on the connection.
* Only used if PHP is at version 5.0.0 or greater
* and the Oracle server is at 9.2 or greater.
* Available since PEAR DB 1.7.0.
* + new_link If set to true, causes subsequent calls to
* connect() to return a new connection link
* instead of the existing one. WARNING: this is
* not portable to other DBMS's.
* Available since PEAR DB 1.7.0.
* @param array $dsn the data source name
* @param bool $persistent should the connection be persistent?
* @return int DB_OK on success. A DB_Error object on failure.
function connect($dsn, $persistent = false )
if (!PEAR ::loadExtension ('oci8')) {
// Backwards compatibility with DB < 1.7.0
if (empty ($dsn['database']) && !empty ($dsn['hostspec'])) {
if (isset ($dsn['new_link'])
&& ($dsn['new_link'] == 'true' || $dsn['new_link'] === true ))
$connect_function = 'oci_new_connect';
$connect_function = $persistent ? 'oci_pconnect'
if (isset ($this->dsn['port']) && $this->dsn['port']) {
$db = '//'. $db. ':'. $this->dsn['port'];
$char = empty ($dsn['charset']) ? null : $dsn['charset'];
$this->connection = @$connect_function($dsn['username'],
if (!empty ($error) && $error['code'] == 12541 ) {
// Couldn't find TNS listener. Try direct connection.
$this->connection = @$connect_function($dsn['username'],
$connect_function = $persistent ? 'OCIPLogon' : 'OCILogon';
$this->connection = @$connect_function($dsn['username'],
} elseif ($dsn['username'] || $dsn['password']) {
$this->connection = @$connect_function($dsn['username'],
$error = (is_array($error)) ? $error['message'] : null;
* Disconnects from the database server
* @return bool TRUE on success, FALSE on failure
* Sends a query to the database server
* To determine how many rows of a result set get buffered using
* ocisetprefetch(), see the "result_buffering" option in setOptions().
* This option was added in Release 1.7.0.
* @param string the SQL query string
* @return mixed + a PHP result resrouce for successful SELECT queries
* + the DB_OK constant for other successful queries
* + a DB_Error object on failure
$success = @OCIExecute ($result,OCI_COMMIT_ON_SUCCESS );
$success = @OCIExecute ($result,OCI_DEFAULT );
@ocisetprefetch ($result, $this->options['result_buffering']);
* Move the internal oracle result pointer to the next available result
* @param a valid oci8 result resource
* @return true if a result is available otherwise return false
* Places a row from the result set into the given array
* Formating of the array and the data therein are configurable.
* See DB_result::fetchInto() for more information.
* This method is not meant to be called directly. Use
* DB_result::fetchInto() instead. It can't be declared "protected"
* because DB_result is a separate object.
* @param resource $result the query result resource
* @param array $arr the referenced array to put the data in
* @param int $fetchmode how the resulting array should be indexed
* @param int $rownum the row number to fetch (0 = first row)
* @return mixed DB_OK on success, NULL when the end of a result set is
* @see DB_result::fetchInto()
function fetchInto($result, &$arr, $fetchmode, $rownum = null )
$moredata = @OCIFetchInto ($result,$arr,OCI_ASSOC+OCI_RETURN_NULLS+OCI_RETURN_LOBS );
$moredata = OCIFetchInto ($result,$arr,OCI_RETURN_NULLS+OCI_RETURN_LOBS );
* Deletes the result set and frees the memory occupied by the result set
* This method is not meant to be called directly. Use
* DB_result::free() instead. It can't be declared "protected"
* because DB_result is a separate object.
* @param resource $result PHP's query result resource
* @return bool TRUE on success, FALSE if $result is invalid
return is_resource($result) ? OCIFreeStatement ($result) : false;
* Frees the internal resources associated with a prepared query
* @param resource $stmt the prepared statement's resource
* @param bool $free_resource should the PHP resource be freed too?
* Use false if you need to get data
* from the result set later.
* @return bool TRUE on success, FALSE if $result is invalid
* @see DB_oci8::prepare()
@ocifreestatement ($stmt);
unset ($this->manip_query[(int) $stmt]);
* Gets the number of rows in a result set
* Only works if the DB_PORTABILITY_NUMROWS portability option
* This method is not meant to be called directly. Use
* DB_result::numRows() instead. It can't be declared "protected"
* because DB_result is a separate object.
* @param resource $result PHP's query result resource
* @return int the number of rows. A DB_Error object on failure.
* @see DB_result::numRows(), DB_common::setOption()
// emulate numRows for Oracle. yuck.
$countquery = 'SELECT COUNT(*) FROM ('. $this->last_query. ')';
$count = $this->query($countquery);
// Restore the last query and statement.
* Gets the number of columns in a result set
* This method is not meant to be called directly. Use
* DB_result::numCols() instead. It can't be declared "protected"
* because DB_result is a separate object.
* @param resource $result PHP's query result resource
* @return int the number of columns. A DB_Error object on failure.
* @see DB_result::numCols()
$cols = @OCINumCols ($result);
* Prepares a query for multiple execution with execute().
* With oci8, this is emulated.
* prepare() requires a generic query as string like <code>
* INSERT INTO numbers VALUES (?, ?, ?)
* </code>. The <kbd>?</kbd> characters are placeholders.
* Three types of placeholders can be used:
* + <kbd>?</kbd> a quoted scalar value, i.e. strings, integers
* + <kbd>!</kbd> value is inserted 'as is'
* + <kbd>&</kbd> requires a file name. The file's contents get
* inserted into the query (i.e. saving binary
* Use backslashes to escape placeholder characters if you don't want
* them to be interpreted as placeholders. Example: <code>
* "UPDATE foo SET col=? WHERE col='over \& under'"
* @param string $query the query to be prepared
* @return mixed DB statement resource on success. DB_Error on failure.
* @see DB_oci8::execute()
$tokens = preg_split('/((?<!\\\)[&?!])/', $query, -1 ,
PREG_SPLIT_DELIM_CAPTURE );
$binds = count($tokens) - 1;
foreach ($tokens as $key => $val) {
$newquery .= $tokens[$key] . ':bind' . $token;
$newquery .= $tokens[$key];
if (!$stmt = @OCIParse ($this->connection, $newquery)) {
$this->manip_query[(int) $stmt] = DB::isManip($query);
$this->_prepared_queries[(int) $stmt] = $newquery;
* Executes a DB statement prepared with prepare().
* To determine how many rows of a result set get buffered using
* ocisetprefetch(), see the "result_buffering" option in setOptions().
* This option was added in Release 1.7.0.
* @param resource $stmt a DB statement resource returned from prepare()
* @param mixed $data array, string or numeric data to be used in
* execution of the statement. Quantity of items
* passed must match quantity of placeholders in
* query: meaning 1 for non-array items or the
* quantity of elements in the array.
* @return mixed returns an oic8 result resource for successful SELECT
* queries, DB_OK for other successful queries.
* A DB error object is returned on failure.
* @see DB_oci8::prepare()
function &execute($stmt, $data = array ())
$this->last_query = $this->_prepared_queries[(int) $stmt];
foreach ($data as $key => $value) {
* Oracle doesn't seem to have the ability to pass a
* parameter along unchanged, so strip off quotes from start
* and end, plus turn two single quotes to one single quote,
* in order to avoid the quotes getting escaped by
* Oracle and ending up in the database.
$data[$key] = preg_replace(" /^'(.*)'$/" , "\\1", $data[$key]);
$fp = @fopen($data[$key], 'rb');
// Floats have to be converted to a locale-neutral
if (!@OCIBindByName ($stmt, ':bind' . $i, $data[$key], -1 )) {
$success = @OCIExecute ($stmt, OCI_COMMIT_ON_SUCCESS );
$success = @OCIExecute ($stmt, OCI_DEFAULT );
@ocisetprefetch ($stmt, $this->options['result_buffering']);
* Enables or disables automatic commits
* @param bool $onoff true turns it on, false turns it off
* @return int DB_OK on success. A DB_Error object if the driver
* doesn't support auto-committing transactions.
$this->autocommit = (bool) $onoff;;
* Commits the current transaction
* @return int DB_OK on success. A DB_Error object on failure.
* Reverts the current transaction
* @return int DB_OK on success. A DB_Error object on failure.
* Determines the number of rows affected by a data maniuplation query
* 0 is returned for queries that don't manipulate data.
* @return int the number of rows. A DB_Error object on failure.
* Changes a query string for various DBMS specific reasons
* "SELECT 2+2" must be "SELECT 2+2 FROM dual" in Oracle.
* @param string $query the query string to modify
* @return string the modified query string
// {{{ modifyLimitQuery()
* Adds LIMIT clauses to a query string according to current DBMS standards
* @param string $query the query to modify
* @param int $from the row to start to fetching (0 = the first row)
* @param int $count the numbers of rows to fetch
* @param mixed $params array, string or numeric data to be used in
* execution of the statement. Quantity of items
* passed must match quantity of placeholders in
* query: meaning 1 placeholder for non-array
* parameters or 1 placeholder per array element.
* @return string the query string with LIMIT clauses added
// Let Oracle return the name of the columns instead of
// coding a "home" SQL parser
$result = $this->prepare(" SELECT * FROM ($query) "
$tmp = $this->execute($result, $params);
$q_fields = " SELECT * FROM ($query) WHERE NULL = NULL";
if (!$result = @OCIParse ($this->connection, $q_fields)) {
if (!@OCIExecute ($result, OCI_DEFAULT )) {
$ncols = OCINumCols ($result);
for ( $i = 1; $i <= $ncols; $i++ ) {
$cols[] = '"' . OCIColumnName ($result, $i) . '"';
// XXX Test that (tip by John Lim)
//if (preg_match('/^\s*SELECT\s+/is', $query, $match)) {
// // Introduce the FIRST_ROWS Oracle query optimizer
// $query = substr($query, strlen($match[0]), strlen($query));
// $query = "SELECT /* +FIRST_ROWS */ " . $query;
// more at: http://marc.theaimsgroup.com/?l=php-db&m=99831958101212&w=2
// Perhaps this could be optimized with the use of Unions
$query = " SELECT $fields FROM".
" (SELECT rownum as linenum, $fields FROM".
' WHERE rownum <= '. ($from + $count) .
') WHERE linenum >= ' . ++ $from;
* Returns the next free id in a sequence
* @param string $seq_name name of the sequence
* @param boolean $ondemand when true, the seqence is automatically
* created if it does not exist
* @return int the next id number in the sequence.
* A DB_Error object on failure.
* @see DB_common::nextID(), DB_common::getSequenceName(),
* DB_oci8::createSequence(), DB_oci8::dropSequence()
function nextId($seq_name, $ondemand = true )
$result = $this->query(" SELECT ${seqname}.nextval FROM dual" );
* @param string $seq_name name of the new sequence
* @return int DB_OK on success. A DB_Error object on failure.
* @see DB_common::createSequence(), DB_common::getSequenceName(),
* DB_oci8::nextID(), DB_oci8::dropSequence()
return $this->query('CREATE SEQUENCE '
* @param string $seq_name name of the sequence to be deleted
* @return int DB_OK on success. A DB_Error object on failure.
* @see DB_common::dropSequence(), DB_common::getSequenceName(),
* DB_oci8::nextID(), DB_oci8::createSequence()
return $this->query('DROP SEQUENCE '
* Produces a DB_Error object regarding the current problem
* @param int $errno if the error is being manually raised pass a
* DB_ERROR* constant here. If this isn't passed
* the error information gathered from the DBMS.
* @return object the DB_Error object
* @see DB_common::raiseError(),
* DB_oci8::errorNative(), DB_oci8::errorCode()
null , null , null , $error['message']);
$error = @OCIError ($errno);
null , null , null , $error['message']);
* Gets the DBMS' native error code produced by the last query
* @return int the DBMS' error code. FALSE if the code could not be
* Returns information about a table or a result set
* NOTE: only supports 'table' and 'flags' if <var>$result</var>
* NOTE: flags won't contain index information.
* @param object|string $result DB_result object from a query or a
* string containing the name of a table.
* While this also accepts a query result
* resource identifier, this behavior is
* @param int $mode a valid tableInfo mode
* @return array an associative array with the information requested.
* A DB_Error object on failure.
* @see DB_common::tableInfo()
$case_func = 'strtolower';
* Probably received a table name.
* Create a result resource identifier.
$q_fields = 'SELECT column_name, data_type, data_length, '
. 'FROM user_tab_columns '
. " WHERE table_name='$result' ORDER BY column_id";
if (!$stmt = @OCIParse ($this->connection, $q_fields)) {
if (!@OCIExecute ($stmt, OCI_DEFAULT )) {
while (@OCIFetch ($stmt)) {
'table' => $case_func($result),
'name' => $case_func(@OCIResult ($stmt, 1 )),
'type' => @OCIResult ($stmt, 2 ),
'len' => @OCIResult ($stmt, 3 ),
'flags' => (@OCIResult ($stmt, 4 ) == 'N') ? 'not_null' : '',
$res['order'][$res[$i]['name']] = $i;
$res['ordertable'][$res[$i]['table']][$res[$i]['name']] = $i;
@OCIFreeStatement ($stmt);
if (isset ($result->result )) {
* Probably received a result object.
* Extract the result resource identifier.
$result = $result->result;
$count = @OCINumCols ($result);
$res['num_fields'] = $count;
for ($i = 0; $i < $count; $i++ ) {
'name' => $case_func(@OCIColumnName ($result, $i+1 )),
'type' => @OCIColumnType ($result, $i+1 ),
'len' => @OCIColumnSize ($result, $i+1 ),
$res['order'][$res[$i]['name']] = $i;
$res['ordertable'][$res[$i]['table']][$res[$i]['name']] = $i;
* Obtains the query string needed for listing a given type of objects
* @param string $type the kind of objects you want to retrieve
* @return string the SQL query string or null if the driver doesn't
* support the object type requested
* @see DB_common::getListOf()
return 'SELECT table_name FROM user_tables';
return 'SELECT synonym_name FROM user_synonyms';
return 'SELECT view_name FROM user_views';
* Formats a float value for use within a query in a locale-independent
* @param float the float value to be quoted.
* @return string the quoted string.
* @see DB_common::quoteSmart()
* @since Method available since release 1.7.8.
Documentation generated on Tue, 27 Nov 2007 21:30:34 -0500 by phpDocumentor 1.4.0. PEAR Logo Copyright © PHP Group 2004.
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