Source for file DB.php
Documentation is available at DB.php
/* vim: set expandtab tabstop=4 shiftwidth=4 softtabstop=4: */
* Database independent query interface
* LICENSE: This source file is subject to version 3.0 of the PHP license
* that is available through the world-wide-web at the following URI:
* http://www.php.net/license/3_0.txt. If you did not receive a copy of
* the PHP License and are unable to obtain it through the web, please
* send a note to license@php.net so we can mail you a copy immediately.
* @author Stig Bakken <ssb@php.net>
* @author Tomas V.V.Cox <cox@idecnet.com>
* @author Daniel Convissor <danielc@php.net>
* @copyright 1997-2005 The PHP Group
* @license http://www.php.net/license/3_0.txt PHP License 3.0
* @version CVS: $Id: DB.php,v 1.86 2007/01/22 01:17:48 aharvey Exp $
* @link http://pear.php.net/package/DB
* Obtain the PEAR class so it can be extended from
* One of PEAR DB's portable error codes.
* @see DB_common::errorCode(), DB::errorMessage()
* {@internal If you add an error code here, make sure you also add a textual
* version of it in DB::errorMessage().}}
* The code returned by many methods upon success
define('DB_ERROR_SYNTAX', -2 );
* Tried to insert a duplicate value into a primary or unique index
define('DB_ERROR_CONSTRAINT', -3 );
* An identifier in the query refers to a non-existant object
define('DB_ERROR_NOT_FOUND', -4 );
* Tried to create a duplicate object
define('DB_ERROR_ALREADY_EXISTS', -5 );
* The current driver does not support the action you attempted
define('DB_ERROR_UNSUPPORTED', -6 );
* The number of parameters does not match the number of placeholders
define('DB_ERROR_MISMATCH', -7 );
* A literal submitted did not match the data type expected
define('DB_ERROR_INVALID', -8 );
* The current DBMS does not support the action you attempted
define('DB_ERROR_NOT_CAPABLE', -9 );
* A literal submitted was too long so the end of it was removed
define('DB_ERROR_TRUNCATED', -10 );
* A literal number submitted did not match the data type expected
define('DB_ERROR_INVALID_NUMBER', -11 );
* A literal date submitted did not match the data type expected
define('DB_ERROR_INVALID_DATE', -12 );
* Attempt to divide something by zero
define('DB_ERROR_DIVZERO', -13 );
* A database needs to be selected
define('DB_ERROR_NODBSELECTED', -14 );
* Could not create the object requested
define('DB_ERROR_CANNOT_CREATE', -15 );
* Could not drop the database requested because it does not exist
define('DB_ERROR_CANNOT_DROP', -17 );
* An identifier in the query refers to a non-existant table
define('DB_ERROR_NOSUCHTABLE', -18 );
* An identifier in the query refers to a non-existant column
define('DB_ERROR_NOSUCHFIELD', -19 );
* The data submitted to the method was inappropriate
define('DB_ERROR_NEED_MORE_DATA', -20 );
* The attempt to lock the table failed
define('DB_ERROR_NOT_LOCKED', -21 );
* The number of columns doesn't match the number of values
define('DB_ERROR_VALUE_COUNT_ON_ROW', -22 );
* The DSN submitted has problems
define('DB_ERROR_INVALID_DSN', -23 );
* Could not connect to the database
define('DB_ERROR_CONNECT_FAILED', -24 );
* The PHP extension needed for this DBMS could not be found
define('DB_ERROR_EXTENSION_NOT_FOUND',-25 );
* The present user has inadequate permissions to perform the task requestd
define('DB_ERROR_ACCESS_VIOLATION', -26 );
* The database requested does not exist
define('DB_ERROR_NOSUCHDB', -27 );
* Tried to insert a null value into a column that doesn't allow nulls
define('DB_ERROR_CONSTRAINT_NOT_NULL',-29 );
// {{{ prepared statement-related
* Identifiers for the placeholders used in prepared statements.
* @see DB_common::prepare()
* Indicates a scalar (<kbd>?</kbd>) placeholder was used
* Quote and escape the value as necessary.
* Indicates an opaque (<kbd>&</kbd>) placeholder was used
* The value presented is a file name. Extract the contents of that file
* and place them in this column.
* Indicates a misc (<kbd>!</kbd>) placeholder was used
* The value should not be quoted or escaped.
// {{{ binary data-related
* The different ways of returning binary data from queries.
* Sends the fetched data straight through to output
define('DB_BINMODE_PASSTHRU', 1 );
* Lets you return data as usual
define('DB_BINMODE_RETURN', 2 );
* Converts the data to hex format before returning it
* For example the string "123" would become "313233".
define('DB_BINMODE_CONVERT', 3 );
* @see DB_common::setFetchMode()
* Indicates the current default fetch mode should be used
* @see DB_common::$fetchmode
define('DB_FETCHMODE_DEFAULT', 0 );
* Column data indexed by numbers, ordered from 0 and up
define('DB_FETCHMODE_ORDERED', 1 );
* Column data indexed by column names
define('DB_FETCHMODE_ASSOC', 2 );
* Column data as object properties
define('DB_FETCHMODE_OBJECT', 3 );
* For multi-dimensional results, make the column name the first level
* of the array and put the row number in the second level of the array
* This is flipped from the normal behavior, which puts the row numbers
* in the first level of the array and the column names in the second level.
define('DB_FETCHMODE_FLIPPED', 4 );
* Old fetch modes. Left here for compatibility.
define('DB_GETMODE_ORDERED', DB_FETCHMODE_ORDERED );
define('DB_GETMODE_ASSOC', DB_FETCHMODE_ASSOC );
define('DB_GETMODE_FLIPPED', DB_FETCHMODE_FLIPPED );
// {{{ tableInfo() && autoPrepare()-related
* The type of information to return from the tableInfo() method.
* Bitwised constants, so they can be combined using <kbd>|</kbd>
* and removed using <kbd>^</kbd>.
* @see DB_common::tableInfo()
* {@internal Since the TABLEINFO constants are bitwised, if more of them are
* added in the future, make sure to adjust DB_TABLEINFO_FULL accordingly.}}
define('DB_TABLEINFO_ORDER', 1 );
define('DB_TABLEINFO_ORDERTABLE', 2 );
define('DB_TABLEINFO_FULL', 3 );
* The type of query to create with the automatic query building methods.
* @see DB_common::autoPrepare(), DB_common::autoExecute()
define('DB_AUTOQUERY_INSERT', 1 );
define('DB_AUTOQUERY_UPDATE', 2 );
* Bitwised constants, so they can be combined using <kbd>|</kbd>
* and removed using <kbd>^</kbd>.
* @see DB_common::setOption()
* {@internal Since the PORTABILITY constants are bitwised, if more of them are
* added in the future, make sure to adjust DB_PORTABILITY_ALL accordingly.}}
* Turn off all portability features
define('DB_PORTABILITY_NONE', 0 );
* Convert names of tables and fields to lower case
* when using the get*(), fetch*() and tableInfo() methods
define('DB_PORTABILITY_LOWERCASE', 1 );
* Right trim the data output by get*() and fetch*()
define('DB_PORTABILITY_RTRIM', 2 );
* Force reporting the number of rows deleted
define('DB_PORTABILITY_DELETE_COUNT', 4 );
* Enable hack that makes numRows() work in Oracle
define('DB_PORTABILITY_NUMROWS', 8 );
* Makes certain error messages in certain drivers compatible
* with those from other DBMS's
* + mysql, mysqli: change unique/primary key constraints
* DB_ERROR_ALREADY_EXISTS -> DB_ERROR_CONSTRAINT
* + odbc(access): MS's ODBC driver reports 'no such field' as code
* 07001, which means 'too few parameters.' When this option is on
* that code gets mapped to DB_ERROR_NOSUCHFIELD.
define('DB_PORTABILITY_ERRORS', 16 );
* Convert null values to empty strings in data output by
define('DB_PORTABILITY_NULL_TO_EMPTY', 32 );
* Turn on all portability features
define('DB_PORTABILITY_ALL', 63 );
* Database independent query interface
* The main "DB" class is simply a container class with some static
* methods for creating DB objects as well as some utility functions
* common to all parts of DB.
* The object model of DB is as follows (indentation means inheritance):
* DB The main DB class. This is simply a utility class
* with some "static" methods for creating DB objects as
* well as common utility functions for other DB classes.
* DB_common The base for each DB implementation. Provides default
* | implementations (in OO lingo virtual methods) for
* | the actual DB implementations as well as a bunch of
* | query utility functions.
* +-DB_mysql The DB implementation for MySQL. Inherits DB_common.
* When calling DB::factory or DB::connect for MySQL
* connections, the object returned is an instance of this
* @author Stig Bakken <ssb@php.net>
* @author Tomas V.V.Cox <cox@idecnet.com>
* @author Daniel Convissor <danielc@php.net>
* @copyright 1997-2005 The PHP Group
* @license http://www.php.net/license/3_0.txt PHP License 3.0
* @version Release: 1.7.10
* @link http://pear.php.net/package/DB
* Create a new DB object for the specified database type but don't
* connect to the database
* @param string $type the database type (eg "mysql")
* @param array $options an associative array of option names and values
* @return object a new DB object. A DB_Error object on failure.
* @see DB_common::setOption()
function &factory($type, $options = false )
$options = array ('persistent' => $options);
if (isset ($options['debug']) && $options['debug'] >= 2 ) {
// expose php errors with sufficient debug level
include_once " DB/{$type}.php";
@include_once " DB/{$type}.php";
$classname = " DB_${type}";
" Unable to include the DB/{$type}.php"
foreach ($options as $option => $value) {
$test = $obj->setOption ($option, $value);
* Create a new DB object including a connection to the specified database
* $dsn = 'pgsql://user:password@host/database';
* 'portability' => DB_PORTABILITY_ALL,
* $db =& DB::connect($dsn, $options);
* if (PEAR::isError($db)) {
* die($db->getMessage());
* @param mixed $dsn the string "data source name" or array in the
* format returned by DB::parseDSN()
* @param array $options an associative array of option names and values
* @return object a new DB object. A DB_Error object on failure.
* @uses DB_dbase::connect(), DB_fbsql::connect(), DB_ibase::connect(),
* DB_ifx::connect(), DB_msql::connect(), DB_mssql::connect(),
* DB_mysql::connect(), DB_mysqli::connect(), DB_oci8::connect(),
* DB_odbc::connect(), DB_pgsql::connect(), DB_sqlite::connect(),
* @uses DB::parseDSN(), DB_common::setOption(), PEAR::isError()
function &connect($dsn, $options = array ())
$type = $dsninfo['phptype'];
* For backwards compatibility. $options used to be boolean,
* indicating whether the connection should be persistent.
$options = array ('persistent' => $options);
if (isset ($options['debug']) && $options['debug'] >= 2 ) {
// expose php errors with sufficient debug level
include_once " DB/${type}.php";
@include_once " DB/${type}.php";
$classname = " DB_${type}";
" Unable to include the DB/{$type}.php"
foreach ($options as $option => $value) {
$test = $obj->setOption ($option, $value);
$err = $obj->connect ($dsninfo, $obj->getOption ('persistent'));
* Return the DB API version
* @return string the DB API version number
* Determines if a variable is a DB_Error object
* @param mixed $value the variable to check
* @return bool whether $value is DB_Error object
return is_a($value, 'DB_Error');
* Determines if a value is a DB_<driver> object
* @param mixed $value the value to test
* @return bool whether $value is a DB_<driver> object
* Tell whether a query is a data manipulation or data definition query
* Examples of data manipulation queries are INSERT, UPDATE and DELETE.
* Examples of data definition queries are CREATE, DROP, ALTER, GRANT,
* @param string $query the query
* @return boolean whether $query is a data manipulation query
$manips = 'INSERT|UPDATE|DELETE|REPLACE|'
. 'LOAD DATA|SELECT .* INTO .* FROM|COPY|'
if (preg_match('/^\s*"?(' . $manips . ')\s+/i', $query)) {
* Return a textual error message for a DB error code
* @param integer $value the DB error code
* @return string the error message or false if the error code was
if (!isset ($errorMessages)) {
$value = $value->getCode ();
return isset ($errorMessages[$value]) ? $errorMessages[$value]
* Parse a data source name
* Additional keys can be added by appending a URI query string to the
* The format of the supplied DSN is in its fullest form:
* phptype(dbsyntax)://username:password@protocol+hostspec/database?option=8&another=true
* Most variations are allowed:
* phptype://username:password@protocol+hostspec:110//usr/db_file.db?mode=0644
* phptype://username:password@hostspec/database_name
* phptype://username:password@hostspec
* phptype://username@hostspec
* phptype://hostspec/database
* @param string $dsn Data Source Name to be parsed
* @return array an associative array with the following keys:
* + phptype: Database backend used in PHP (mysql, odbc etc.)
* + dbsyntax: Database used with regards to SQL syntax etc.
* + protocol: Communication protocol to use (tcp, unix etc.)
* + hostspec: Host specification (hostname[:port])
* + database: Database to use on the DBMS server
* + username: User name for login
* + password: Password for login
$dsn['dbsyntax'] = $dsn['phptype'];
// Find phptype and dbsyntax
if (($pos = strpos($dsn, '://')) !== false ) {
$dsn = substr($dsn, $pos + 3 );
// Get phptype and dbsyntax
// $str => phptype(dbsyntax)
|